Photodynamic Therapy: A Light-Based Approach to Treating Skin Cancer

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a revolutionary technique in the treatment of various skin cancers, particularly solar keratosis, basal cell carcinomas, and Bowen's disease. This non-invasive procedure has largely replaced traditional methods like liquid nitrogen therapy in many modern dermatology clinics, offering a more targeted and cosmetically favorable approach to managing extensive sun damage.

The process of PDT involves two key steps: the application of a light-sensitizing cream to the affected area, followed by exposure to a specific light source. Initially, the treatment area is gently prepared by light scraping to enhance cream absorption. The photosensitizing agent is then applied and left on the skin for 1-3 hours, during which time it is selectively absorbed by cancerous cells.

After the absorption period, excess cream is removed, and the area is exposed to a carefully calibrated light source, typically red or blue light, for about 20 minutes. This light activates the photosensitizing agent within the cancerous cells, generating free radicals that effectively destroy these cells while leaving healthy tissue unharmed.

One of the most significant advantages of PDT is its selectivity. By targeting only abnormal cells, it minimizes the risk of scarring and pigmentation changes often associated with other treatments like cryotherapy or surgery. Additionally, PDT offers the benefit of skin texture improvement and a general rejuvenating effect in the treated area.

Patients may experience some discomfort during the light exposure, often described as a burning or stinging sensation. The intensity of this discomfort can vary based on the treatment duration and area size. Post-treatment effects typically include redness, swelling, and crusting, which usually resolve within a week.

PDT's efficacy is comparable to other treatment modalities, with the added benefits of improved cosmetic outcomes and preservation of normal skin. As a well-established technique used since 1988, PDT has been extensively studied and validated through numerous clinical trials, making it a trusted option in the dermatological arsenal against skin cancer.